ABSTRACT

              "HAPTICS”-- a technology that adds the sense of touch to virtual environment .Haptic  interfaces allow the user to feel as well as to see virtual objects on a computer, and so we can give an illusion of touching surfaces, shaping  virtual clay or moving objects around.

               The sensation of touch is the brain’s most effective learning mechanism --more effective than seeing or hearing—which is why the new technology holds so much promise as a teaching tool.

               Haptic technology is like exploring the virtual world with a stick. If you push the stick into a virtual balloon push back .The computer communicates sensations through a haptic interface –a  stick, scalpel, racket or pen that is connected to a force-exerting  motors.

               With this technology we can now sit down at a computer terminal and touch objects that exist only in the "mind" of the computer.By using special input/output devices (joysticks, data gloves, or other devices), users can receive feedback from computer applications in the form of felt sensations in the hand or other parts of the body. In combination with a visual display, haptics technology can be used to train people for tasks requiring hand-eye coordination, such as surgery and space ship maneuvers.

                In this paper we explicate how sensors and actuators are used for tracking the position and movement of the haptic device moved by the operator. We mention the different types of force rendering algorithms. Then, we move on to a few applications of Haptic Technology. Finally we conclude by mentioning a few future developments. 

INTRODUCTION :

The Internet has made large amount of information available to the average computer user at home, in business and education. For many people, having access to this information is no longer just an advantage, it is essential.

By connecting a private network to the Internet can expose critical or confidential data to malicious attack from anywhere in the world. The intruders could gain access to your sites private information or interfere with your use of your own systems. Users who connect their computers to the Internet must be aware of these dangers, their implications and how to protect their data and their critical systems.

Therefore, security of network is the main criteria here and firewalls provide this security. The Internet firewalls keep the flames of Internet hell out of your network or, to keep the members of your LAN pure by denying them access the all the evil Internet temptations.

Biometrics (ancient Greek: bios life, metron measure) refers to two very different fields of study and application. The first, which is the older and is used in biological studies, is the collection, synthesis, analysis and management of data in biology. Biometrics in reference to biological sciences, or biostatistics, has been studied since the early twentieth century.^[1] Biometrics is the science and technology of measuring and analyzing biological data. In information technology, biometrics refers to technologies that measure and analyze human body characteristics, such as fingerprints, eye retinas and irises, voice patterns, facial patterns and hand measurements, for authentication purposes.

Biometric characteristics can be divided in two main classes, as represented in figure on the right:

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